科研评价导向的改变对中文科技期刊的机遇与挑战

【目的】 值此《中国科技期刊研究》创刊30周年之际,思考科研评价体系的改变给中文科技期刊带来的影响,为中文期刊探寻发展路径。【方法】 结合对中文科技期刊困境的研究,提出应对策略。【结果】 近期国家陆续出台的纠偏评价导向的政策文件,为中文科技期刊既带来了发展机遇,也提出了挑战。【结论】 在重构符合中文科技期刊发展特点的评价体系的基础上,中文科技期刊应明确目标定位,面向国家需求,提升知识服务能力,建立品牌特色。     

卫生应急服务覆盖程度及其效果：基于辽宁吉林两省的实证分析

目的分析辽宁吉林两省卫生应急服务覆盖程度及其工作效果，为辽宁吉林两省进一步完善突发公共卫生事件应急处置体系提供理论依据。 方法为了保持量化的原则，选取功能服务与公众需要的匹配程度这一具体指标来反映卫生应急服务覆盖程度，系统收集2000至2017年辽宁吉林两省卫生应急服务相关的文件和文献数据，摘录文件中所涉及的卫生应急服务三级预防功能服务的表述；摘录文献中涉及的卫生应急服务工作效果的表述，采用"五分度评分法"判定工作效果；采用Speraman相关、单因素回归方法分析辽宁吉林两省卫生应急服务覆盖范围与辽宁吉林两省工作效果的关系。 结果2017年，辽宁省卫生应急服务覆盖程度达到56.5%，吉林省达到64.7%。辽宁吉林两省卫生应急服务覆盖程度与卫生应急工作效果都呈正相关关系(P均<0.05)，并且吉林省的显著性更强。 结论吉林省在卫生应急服务覆盖程度表现更佳。同时也验证了卫生应急服务覆盖程度量化方法和工作效果评价方法是可行的，可应用于公共卫生的其他领域。     

Family nurture intervention alters relationships between preterm infant EEG delta brush characteristics and term age EEG power

ObjectiveFamily Nurture Intervention (FNI) facilitates mother/infant emotional connection, improves neurodevelopmental outcomes and increases electroencephalogram (EEG) power at term age. Here we explored whether delta brushes (DB), early EEG bursts that shape brain development, are altered by FNI and mediate later effects of FNI on EEG.MethodsWe assessed DB characteristics in EEG data from a randomized controlled trial comparing infants with standard care (SC, n = 31) versus SC + FNI (n = 33) at ~35 and ~40 weeks GA.ResultsCompared to SC infants, FNI infant DB amplitude increased more from ~35 to ~40 weeks, and FNI infants had longer duration DBs. DB parameters (rate, amplitude, brush frequency) at ~35 weeks were correlated with power at ~40 weeks, but only in SC infants. FNI effects on DB parameters do not mediate FNI effects on EEG power or coherence at term.ConclusionsDBs are related to subsequent brain activity and FNI alters DB parameters. However, FNI’s effects on electrocortical activity at term age are not dependent on its earlier effects on DBs.SignificanceWhile early DBs can have important effects on later brain activity in preterm infants, facilitating emotional connection with FNI may allow brain maturation to be less dependent on early bursts.     

基于超效率DEA的天津市基本公共卫生配置资源效率研究

评价天津市各辖区基本公共卫生服务的资源配置效率,寻求有效的资源配置措施和方法,为进一步优化卫生资源配置提供参考依据。方法利用数据包络分析,对天津市16辖区的基本公共卫生服务进行效率评价。结果天津市基本公共卫生服务的资源配置效率整体不高,仅有5辖区达到了规模最优,多数区非DEA有效,且投入过剩与产出不足并存。结论为了达到最优的基本公共卫生服务效率,政府及各级基本公共卫生服务机构必须有效地完善、落实相关政策,优化资源投入结构,统筹地区差异,加强资源供给管理,提高资源利用效率。     

国医大师禤国维应用酸敛法治疗小儿特应性皮炎经验

介绍禤国维教授应用酸敛法治疗小儿特应性皮炎的临床经验。认为表虚兼有表燥是本病的基本病机特点,酸敛法可调理肺气、收敛心神、收敛肝气;治疗上注重散收并用,乌梅、五味子、白芍为其最常用的酸敛药,可调理肺、心、肝三脏的功能,并通过与辛散类药物(紫苏叶、防风、蝉蜕等)的配合,达到敛阴而不留邪、祛邪而不伤正的效果。并附验案1则。     

基于德尔菲法构建家庭参与老年人机构养老行为量表

目的研制家庭参与老年人机构养老行为量表,为家庭成员参与养老机构老年人长期照护的现状和水平提供测评工具。方法于2018年10月—2019年7月,以平衡、责任分担理论,家庭参与概念模型为理论依据,通过文献回顾、半结构访谈和专家小组会议构建家庭参与老年人机构养老行为量表的维度和条目池。选择与本研究领域相关的来自我国11个省市的18名专家,应用德尔菲法对量表的内容进行2轮函询。计算专家积极系数、权威系数、肯德尔协调系数(Kendall's W),条目的变异系数、条目的重要性评分、满分率(%)。结果第1、2轮函询中,专家的积极系数分别为90%和100%,权威系数为0.925,Kendall's W值分别为0.160、0.287(均P<0.01),变异系数分别为0.10~0.31,0.05~0.24,重要性评分均数分别为3.67~4.78,3.78~4.97。最终形成了包含6个维度35个条目的家庭参与老年人机构养老行为量表。结论家庭参与老年人机构养老行为量表构建过程可靠、科学,可为进一步制订促进养老机构老年人家庭参与内容、提高机构老年人生活质量提供参考依据。     

An institutional ethnography of prevention and treatment services for substance use disorders in the Dominican Republic

ABSTRACT

The Dominican Republic is thought to have significant epidemics of illicit drug use but lacks surveillance and formal analyses of the policy context of drug prevention and treatment services. We conducted an institutional ethnography of 15 drug service organisations in Santo Domingo and Boca Chica, Dominican Republic, to explore barriers and resources for drug abuse prevention and treatment. Here, we present a typology of drug service organisations based on their services, methods, and approach. We then draw on interviews with representatives of drug service institutions to describe the primary barriers to drug treatment and prevention services for drug users. We conclude with a focus on the policy priorities that could improve the conditions of health care for marginalised drug users in the Dominican Republic.     

Migrant Workers in Agriculture: A View from Thailand

There has been a dramatic increase in the global movement of workers during the last few decades. As Thailand has developed rapidly over the past 20 years, it has attracted laborers (both authorized and unauthorized) from the neighboring countries of Myanmar, People’s Democratic Republic of Lao (Lao PDR), and Cambodia. Given that agriculture has been Thailand’s most important industry, its continued growth has been dependent on migrant workers. Both crop agriculture and animal-production agriculture have employed migrant labor. Migrants have been hired to plant, weed, fertilize, spray pesticides, and harvest crops such as rice, corn, sugar cane, and cassava. They have worked at rubber and coffee plantations, as well as in the production of ornamental crops. Also, migrants have labored on pig, beef, and duck farms. There have been numerous documented health problems among migrant workers, including acute diarrhea, malaria, and fever of unknown causes. Occupational illness and injury have been a significant concern, and there has been limited health and safety training. This article reviewed the demographic changes in Thailand, studied the agricultural crops and animal production that are dependent on migrant labor, discussed the health status and safety challenges pertaining to migrant workers in agriculture, and described several recommendations. Among the recommendations, the conclusions of this study have suggested that addressing the cost for health care and solutions to health care access for migrant labor are needed.